Nigerian Catholic priest, Rev. Fr. Oliver Ikenna Nwagbara, a member of the Congregation of Christ the Emmanuel (CCE) and Assistant Pastor at Good Shepherd Parish in the Archdiocese of Halifax-Yarmouth, Canada, is often called the “Digital Pastor.” He shares his insights on Pope Leo XIV’s encyclical, Magnifica Humanitas:
What Is an Encyclical?
AN ENCYCLICAL is one of the highest forms of papal teaching. It is a letter from the Pope addressed to the entire Church and, in this case, to “all men and women of goodwill” on a matter of serious urgency. When a pope writes an encyclical, he is not offering a casual opinion. He is speaking as the universal shepherd, drawing on centuries of Scripture, Tradition, and the lived experience of the Church.
Magnifica Humanitas, which translates to “Magnificent Humanity,” is Pope Leo XIV’s opening statement to the world. And he chose to make it about artificial intelligence (AI).
Why AI? Why Now?
Some might ask: why is the Pope writing about technology? Shouldn’t the Church focus on prayer, sacraments, and salvation?
Rerum Novarum was the Church’s response to the Industrial Revolution, a world being transformed by machines, factories, and capitalism, where workers were being exploited and their dignity trampled. It became the foundation of modern Catholic Social Teaching. It changed how the Church engaged with society forever.
Pope Leo XIV answers this question directly, echoing his predecessor Leo XIII who faced the same objection in 1891 when he wrote Rerum Novarum about workers’ rights and the Industrial Revolution. The proclamation of the Gospel, he insists, cannot overlook the concrete lives of people. And right now, the concrete lives of people are being shaped profoundly and rapidly by artificial intelligence.
AI is not a distant, futuristic concept. It is already deciding who gets a bank loan, who gets called for a job interview, what news you see, what content your children encounter, and increasingly, who lives and who dies on battlefields. These are not technical questions. They are human questions. And human questions are the Church’s business.
Pope Leo XIV wrote this encyclical because silence would have been a failure of pastoral responsibility.
The 135-Year Connection
One of the most striking aspects of Magnifica Humanitas is when it was signed: 15 May 2026, exactly 135 years after Leo XIII published Rerum Novarum on 15 May 1891.
That was not a coincidence.
Rerum Novarum was the Church’s response to the Industrial Revolution, a world being transformed by machines, factories, and capitalism, where workers were being exploited and their dignity trampled. It became the foundation of modern Catholic Social Teaching. It changed how the Church engaged with society forever.
Pope Leo XIV is making a deliberate statement: what the Industrial Revolution was to Leo XIII, artificial intelligence is to us. The scale of disruption is comparable. The stakes for human dignity are just as high. And the Church cannot afford to be silent.
Two Cities, One Choice
At the heart of Magnifica Humanitas are two images drawn from Scripture that frame the document.
The first is the Tower of Babel, humanity using its collective power and technology to build something grand, but without God, without care for the vulnerable, and ultimately without wisdom. The result is not unity but fragmentation, not progress but confusion.
The second is Nehemiah rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem, a different kind of building project. Not driven by pride or profit, but by prayer, shared responsibility, listening, and a genuine concern for every member of the community. Brick by brick. Together.
Pope Leo XIV says the same choice faces us today. We can use AI to build Babel, a world of algorithmic control, digital exploitation, growing inequality, and the slow erosion of what makes us human. Or we can use it to rebuild Jerusalem, putting technology at the service of human dignity, the common good, and genuine solidarity.
The encyclical is not anti-technology. It never says AI is evil. What it says is that technology is never neutral. It takes on the character of the people who build it, fund it, and use it. And so the question is not whether we will use AI, we already are. The question is what kind of people we will be while using it.
What the Encyclical Actually Covers
Magnifica Humanitas is 48 pages and five chapters long. But here is a brief map of the territory:
Chapter One traces the history of Catholic Social Teaching from Leo XIII to Pope Francis, showing how the Church has always engaged with the “new things” of each era.
Chapter Two lays out the core principles that must guide our response to AI, including human dignity, the common good, subsidiarity, solidarity, and social justice.
Chapter Three tackles AI directly, what it is, what it isn’t, and why transhumanism is a dangerous dead end.
Chapter Four addresses four urgent areas: truth and democracy, education, the dignity of work, and human freedom in the age of digital addiction and surveillance.
Chapter Five turns to war, the use of AI in weapons systems, the culture of power, and the path toward what Pope Saint Paul VI called “the civilization of love.”
Why This Matters to You
You might not be a theologian. You might not read Vatican documents. But if you own a smartphone, use social media, worry about your future, care about justice, or are simply trying to live your faith in a world that feels increasingly confusing and inhuman, this encyclical was written for you.
Pope Leo XIV is not asking Catholics to become Luddites or to fear technology. He is asking us to remain profoundly human. To ask hard questions. To resist the slow drift toward a world where efficiency replaces compassion, where data replaces dignity, and where the logic of profit replaces the logic of love.
Saint Carlo Acutis understood this before most people were even asking the question. He saw the internet not as a threat to faith but as a frontier for it. (Vatican News)
