“Share our similarities, celebrate our differences”- M. Scott Peck
NOTWITHSTANDING the distance and geography, Nigeria and China share significant traits worthy of acknowledgement. In terms of population, the two giant nations stand as giants. With a population of 1.5 billion (official 1.3 billion), China is the largest in Asia and largest in the world. Similarly, Nigeria with estimated population of 250 million people is the largest concentration of African people in the world. In fact, one of every two Asians is a Chinese, while one in every three persons in Africa is a Nigerian.
Both China and Nigeria also parade ancient civilisations dating back to some 5,000 years. Early authentic (as distinct from colonial) history of Nigeria records great Benin, Oyo, Sokoto and Borno empires dating back to some 4,000 years. However, the point cannot be overstated that colonialism negatively impacted the growth and development of both countries.
Nigeria’s population is as diverse as China’s in terms of languages, cultures and religion. The two countries also boast of remarkable resource endowment. Whatever the parameters, the two are regional powers: China almost actual power no less than Nigeria which in many respects still strives in making enormous potentials a reality.
Of special importance is that Nigeria and China shared the similarity of what the former Chinese Ambassador to Nigeria, Zhou Pingjian, once described as double “joy and happiness of the month of October”. Nigeria celebrates 64th anniversary as a sovereign and independent country. Ten years before Nigeria’s independence, precisely on October 1st 1949 following the socialist Revolution led by Chairman Mao Zedong, China proclaimed People’s Republic as an independent nation.
The similarity between China and Nigeria can only be better appreciated against the background of imperial dominations of the two. Lest we forget, “Lagos was bombarded by the British in 1851, annexed on 6th August 1861 and declared a colony on 5th March, 1862”. Nigeria got independence by lowering the Union Jack flag of imperial Britain on October 1, 1960. Effectively, Nigerians suffocated under the heels of British rule characterised by tears and blood spill of brutal oppression, racist violations of human rights, Lugardian brutal military campaigns of occupations, annexations, forced labour and wholesale exploitation.
The Nigerian working class spearheaded the fight against racist colonial policies and won a lot of successes. Nigerian workers carried out strikes in pursuance of their demand for the improvement of conditions of living within the context of the anti-colonial struggles. The most documented was the 1945 General Strike against Indecent work environment led by the legendary No. 1 Labour Leader, Chief Michael Imoudu.
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64 years after independence, we must undoubtedly agonise about the declining fortunes of the economy, worsening energy and income poverty, low growth rate. Even more agonising are the prohibitive costs of working and living, and free fall of the Naira.
During the 1992 May Day celebration, former Military President, General Ibrahim Babangida commendably renamed National Institute for Labour Studies (NILS) to Michael Imoudu National Institute for Labour Studies (MINILS), Ilorin as a mark of deserved honour for Pa. Michael Imoudu, the legendary No. 1 Labour and nationalist Leader.
Notwithstanding the current challenges of nation-building, we must learn to raise the noise level of Independence celebrations. Or better still, Africans should overcome the false consciousness that Europe, which hitherto imposed slavery and colonialism, would in turn help in transforming our continent. The century long struggle for freedom should not be stepped down as a “low key” event. On the contrary, there is a lot to celebrate in freedom. Amartya Sen, the winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economics, argues (and rightly too): “Development as Freedom”.
The late sage, Kwame Nkrumah, was the first to audaciously break the British colonial chain in 1957. Ghana is the first independent African nation. Nigeria followed in 1960. Nkrumah’s quotable quote about the imperative of freedom remains valid today: “We prefer self-government with danger to servitude in tranquillity”.
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Both China and Nigeria also parade ancient civilisations dating back to some 5,000 years. Early authentic (as distinct from colonial) history of Nigeria records great Benin, Oyo, Sokoto and Borno empires dating back to some 4,000 years. However, the point cannot be overstated that colonialism negatively impacted the growth and development of both countries.
It’s time we reflected on how Nigerians have inadvertently underdeveloped Nigeria. But even at that, lest we forget only in independence can we return to prosperity. In colonial Nigeria, growth or development discourse was an aberration, indeed an absurdity. The colonial policy was intentionally to under-develop Nigerian colony and deliberately develop colonial Britain through perverse criminal capital transfers out of the colony.
The great historian, Walter Rodney, in his classic: How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, observed (and I agree) that “Colonialism had only one hand – “It was one-armed bandit!”
64 years after independence, we must undoubtedly agonise about the declining fortunes of the economy, worsening energy and income poverty, low growth rate. Even more agonising are the prohibitive costs of working and living, and free fall of the Naira.
There was once a Nigeria which as part of decolonisation project, independently replaced British colonial pound sterling on January 1973; 13 years after independence at the rate of £1 = ₦2. Today a bagful of some Nigeria’s N2,230.94 miserably exchange for £1, 64 years after independence.
It’s time we reflected on how Nigerians have inadvertently underdeveloped Nigeria. But even at that, lest we forget only in independence can we return to prosperity. In colonial Nigeria, growth or development discourse was an aberration, indeed an absurdity. The colonial policy was intentionally to under-develop Nigerian colony and deliberately develop colonial Britain through perverse criminal capital transfers out of the colony.
With respect to Industrialisation for instance, colonialism in Nigeria deliberately prejudiced against the establishment of local industries. The key drivers of colonial Nigeria were extractive non-processing, non-value adding agriculture and mining and timber felling. Colonial authority deliberately undermined the growth of local enterprise such that 100 years of British rule did not set up a single textile mill! The first textile mill was Kaduna Textile mill in 1957 by the regional government of late Sardauna to be followed by Nigeria Textile Mill in the Western region of Awolowo and Aba Textile mill in the east by late Nnamdi Azikiwe (Zik).
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There must be a Renewed Hope to urgently re-industrialize the nation, revert de-Industrialization of the present neo- colonial era. The best independence anniversary gift to Nigeria is the recent inauguration of the $25 billion-650,000 barrels per day (BPD) Dangote Oil Refinery, replacing Nigeria’s pessimism with optimism. Colonialism never built a single refinery.
At 64, Nigeria and Nigerians, should stop agonising but organise like China at 75, (or like Nigeria at 20 in 1980 with double digit growth rate which once dwarfed China’s growth!). President Bola Ahmed Tinubu hit the nail on the head in his keynote address, during the African Minerals Strategy Group (AMSG) meeting, held on the side-lines of the recent 79th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, United States. Africa, he said, is underdeveloped because its resources were primarily extracted and exported to foreign countries for refining and manufacturing.
It gladdens that from “1st October, NNPC will commence the supply of about 385k barrels per day (bdp) of crude oil to the Dangote Refinery to be paid for in naira”. This is an original patriotic private/public creative independent policy initiative by the present administration outside the mantra of the received policy wisdom of the IMF and World Bank.
President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, in line with the Renewed Hope Agenda, must also ensure that the four public refineries come on stream to give Nigeria’s independence genuine energy security at 64 and beyond.
At 64, Nigeria must learn and copy China, which at 75, (just a decade older) has almost banished illiteracy, gone to space, lifted more than 700 million people out of poverty. At 65, next year, Nigeria should be as upbeat, to say, like China: that independence has “brought enormous changes to the country, creating an unprecedented miracle of development in the world history”. The Chinese aptly put it better; the “path you take determines your future”.
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At 64, Nigeria and Nigerians, should stop agonising but organise like China at 75, (or like Nigeria at 20 in 1980 with double digit growth rate which once dwarfed China’s growth!). President Bola Ahmed Tinubu hit the nail on the head in his keynote address, during the African Minerals Strategy Group (AMSG) meeting, held on the side-lines of the recent 79th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, United States. Africa, he said, is underdeveloped because its resources were primarily extracted and exported to foreign countries for refining and manufacturing.
It’s time to promote beneficiation and manufacturing value added like China. I hail the recent smart decision of President Tinubu in appointing Mr Joseph Tegbe as the Director-General and global liaison for the Nigeria-China Strategic Partnership, following the agreements reached during Tinubu’s visit to China in early September 2024. His expressed mandate is to “immediately submit a strategic action plan to enable Nigeria to benefit from the agreements between the two countries in Beijing recently with “specific deliverables, timelines, and key performance indicators for each area of cooperation, including priority projects, projected investments, and expected socioeconomic outcomes.”
I bear witness that Nigeria at 64 and China at 75 not only celebrate their great similarities but set to close the gap in difference in the match to transformation, modernisation and sustainable development.
Viva Nigeria! and Viva China!!
Happy Independence celebrations.
Comrade Aremu is the current Director General, Michael Imoudu National Institute for Labour Studies (MINILS), Ilorin. He is a member of the National Institute (mni) for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPPS), Kuru, Jos.
